[双语阅读]长期失业将削弱美国经济"元气"
    2009-11-30    作者:王婧    来源:经济参考报

    Bilingual Reading
  US Feels Reverberations of long-term Joblessness
  The US labour market used to be whizzy. People would ①chop and change jobs at a furious pace,but not many stayed out of work for long. If you wanted to see countries sagging under the weight of long-term joblessness,you had to cross the Atlantic.
  ②On the eve of the global downturn in 2007,10 per cent of ③the US unemployed had been out of work for a year or more,compared with 25 per cent in the UK,40 per cent in France and 57 per cent in Germany.
  Times have changed. The sheer force of the recession has driven 8.2m out of work in the US and pushed the unemployment rate to the highest since 1983.
  Long-term unemployment is already much worse than in the 1980s: in October,5.5m?C almost 40 per cent of the US jobless?C had been so for at least six months,the highest on record. Twenty per cent had been unemployed for a year or more,compared with a fairly static 25 per cent in the UK.
  This could have lasting ④reverberations both for America‘s people and its economy.
  “It’s a killer disease,”says Thomas Cottle at Boston University,author of Hardest Times:The Trauma of Long-Term Unemployment.“People are going to be damaged and may not recover in their lifetime.”
  The longer people are jobless,the more their skills and confidence decline and the less appealing they become to employers.“There‘s a lot of research showing lengthy unemployment essentially erodes the productive capacity of the economy,”says Timothy Bartik,a labour market economist at the W.E. Upjohn Institute.
  The Congressional Budget Office released a report in 2007 into long-term joblessness,which was at the time something of a niche topic.
  After an unemployment ⑤spell of six months or more,people’s new jobs paid an average 20 per cent less than their previous ones,it found. More worryingly,the CBO discovered that about one in four of the long- term unemployed dropped out of the labour force altogether.

  译文梗概

  长期失业将削弱美国经济“元气”

  美国劳动力市场曾经表现出色。人们飞快地改换工作,但没有多少人长期失业。如果你想看到承受长期失业重压的国家,就只能跨过大西洋。
  2007年全球经济陷入低迷前夕,美国失业人口中有10%失业一年或更长,而英国的这一比例是25%,法国是40%,德国是57%。
  今非昔比。经济衰退的绝对威力已令820万美国人失去工作,失业率升至1983年以来的最高水平。
  美国的长期失业状况比上世纪80年代糟糕得多:10月份,550万人(几乎占美国失业人口的40%)已至少失业6个月,为有记录以来的最高水平。20%的失业者已失业一年或更长时间,而英国的这一比例稳定在25%。
  这可能对美国民众和美国经济产生持久影响。
  波士顿大学的托马斯·科特尔表示:“这是一种致命疾病。人们将受到伤害,可能在有生之年都不会恢复。”科特尔是《最艰难时代:长期失业之创伤》一书的作者。
  人们失业的时间越长,技能和信心就下降得越厉害,对雇主的吸引力也越低。W.E. Upjohn Institute的劳动力市场经济学家蒂莫西·巴蒂克表示:“大量研究表明,长期失业本质上会削弱经济体的生产能力。”
  国会预算办公室在2007年发布了一根长期失业报告,当时这还是个有些小众话题。
  报告发现,失业6个月或更长时间后,人们新工作的薪酬平均比之前的工作低20%。更让人担忧的是,国会预算办公室发现,大约有四分之一的长期失业人口彻底退出了劳动力市场。

  (文章来源:FT中文网)

  点评:

  ①chop and change,固定用法,意为“快速变化,变化无常”。chop意为“砍, 剁, 切,劈”。
  ②on the eve of,在…的前夕。downturn,经济低迷时期。
  ③the US unemployed在这里意为“美国失业人口”。the+adj.的结构表示“…的人”,如the old老人,the rich 富人。
  ④reverberation影响,反响。
  ⑤spell,一段时间。spell作为名词还有“符咒,魅力,轮班”的意思;作为动词,意为“拼写,拼成,意味着,轮值,招致,迷住”。

  相关稿件
· 巴菲特豪赌美国经济复苏 2009-11-05
· 美国经济能否避免新泡沫 2009-10-27
· [刘洪看美国]美国经济能否避免新泡沫 2009-10-27
· “褐皮书”:美国经济活动正温和复苏 2009-10-23
· 美国经济没我们想象的那么差 2009-10-20